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PSLE

PSLE Foundation Mathematics

<p>It is given that \[u=\sqrt3+i,\qquad v=-1+\sqrt3\,i.\]</p>
<p>The points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ represent $u$, $v$ and $u+v$, respectively.</p>
<p>Give all arguments as principal arguments in radians.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="q002-part-0" data-list-item-path="q002-part-0"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Sketch $P$, $Q$ and $R$ on an Argand diagram with origin $O$.<span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="q002-part-1" data-list-item-path="q002-part-1"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Show that&nbsp;$OPRQ$ is a square.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="q002-part-2" data-list-item-path="q002-part-2"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Hence, by considering the direction of the diagonal $OR$, show that \[\tan\frac{5\pi}{12}=2+\sqrt3.\]<span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li></ol>

It is given that \[u=\sqrt3+i,\qquad v=-1+\sqrt3\,i.\]

The points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ represent $u$, $v$ and $u+v$, respectively.

Give all arguments as principal arguments in radians.

Hence, by considering the direction of the diagonal $OR$, show that \[\tan\frac{5\pi}{12}=2+\sqrt3.\]

Modulus and Argument of Complex Numbers

Using Complex Numbers to Deduce Trigonometric Values

Geometric Problems on the Argand Diagram

Representing Complex Numbers on an Argand Diagram

A square and the direction of its diagonal

Complex Numbers

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>The complex number $z$ is such that&nbsp;$|z|=\sqrt{10}$ and $\arg(z)=-\tan^{-1}3$.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="tjc-q04-item01" data-list-item-path="tjc-q04-item01"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find $z$ in the form $a+bi$, where&nbsp;$a$ and $b$ are integers.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="tjc-q04-item02" data-list-item-path="tjc-q04-item02"><div class="list-item-paragraph">In an Argand diagram, $O$ is the origin and the point $A$ represents $z$. The points $B$ and $C$ are such that&nbsp;$OABC$ is a rectangle described in an anti-clockwise sense and $OC=2OA$. Find the complex numbers represented by $B$ and $C$.<span class="inline-marks">[4]</span></div></li></ol>

<strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong>

The complex number $z$ is such that $|z|=\sqrt{10}$ and $\arg(z)=-\tan^{-1}3$.

Find $z$ in the form $a+bi$, where $a$ and $b$ are integers.

In an Argand diagram, $O$ is the origin and the point $A$ represents $z$. The points $B$ and $C$ are such that $OABC$ is a rectangle described in an anti-clockwise sense and $OC=2OA$. Find the complex numbers represented by $B$ and $C$.

Geometrical Transformations of Complex Numbers

2026 TJC P1 Q4

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>It is given that&nbsp;$1-3i$ is a complex root of the equation $z^3+pz^2+(p+12)z+q=0$, where&nbsp;$p$ and $q$ are real numbers.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="nyjc-q04-item01" data-list-item-path="nyjc-q04-item01"><div class="list-item-paragraph">State another complex root of the equation in the form $a+ib$, where&nbsp;$a$ and $b$ are real numbers and $b\ne0$.<span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="nyjc-q04-item02" data-list-item-path="nyjc-q04-item02"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find the values of $p$ and $q$, and find the third root.<span class="inline-marks">[4]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="nyjc-q04-item03" data-list-item-path="nyjc-q04-item03"><div class="list-item-paragraph">The point $A$ represents the complex number $1-3i$ on an Argand diagram with respect to the origin $O$. The point $C$ represents the complex number $x+iy$, where&nbsp;$x$ and $y$ are real numbers and $x&gt;0$. Find the values of $x$ and $y$ such that&nbsp;$OA=AC$ and angle $OAC$ is $90^\circ$.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol>

It is given that $1-3i$ is a complex root of the equation $z^3+pz^2+(p+12)z+q=0$, where $p$ and $q$ are real numbers.

State another complex root of the equation in the form $a+ib$, where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers and $b\ne0$.

Find the values of $p$ and $q$, and find the third root.

The point $A$ represents the complex number $1-3i$ on an Argand diagram with respect to the origin $O$. The point $C$ represents the complex number $x+iy$, where $x$ and $y$ are real numbers and $x>0$. Find the values of $x$ and $y$ such that $OA=AC$ and angle $OAC$ is $90^\circ$.

Applying the Conjugate Root Theorem

2026 NYJC P1 Q4

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>The equation $iz^3-1=0$ has 3 roots $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$, which are represented by points $A$, $B$ and $C$ respectively on an Argand diagram. It is given that&nbsp;$z_1$ is purely imaginary and the real component of $z_2$ is positive.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="hci-q07-item01" data-list-item-path="hci-q07-item01"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find the exact values of $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$.<span class="inline-marks">[4]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="hci-q07-item02" data-list-item-path="hci-q07-item02"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Determine the modulus and the arguments of $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$, where&nbsp;$-\pi&lt;\arg(z)\leq\pi$.<span class="inline-marks">[4]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="hci-q07-item03" data-list-item-path="hci-q07-item03"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Sketch $A$, $B$ and $C$ on an Argand diagram and state the geometrical shape of $ABC$.<span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li></ol>

The equation $iz^3-1=0$ has 3 roots $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$, which are represented by points $A$, $B$ and $C$ respectively on an Argand diagram. It is given that $z_1$ is purely imaginary and the real component of $z_2$ is positive.

Find the exact values of $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$.

Determine the modulus and the arguments of $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$, where $-\pi<\arg(z)\leq\pi$.

Sketch $A$, $B$ and $C$ on an Argand diagram and state the geometrical shape of $ABC$.

Finding Roots of Complex Numbers

2026 HCI P1 Q7

<p>The point $A$ on the Argand diagram below represents the complex number $w_1$ with modulus $r$ and argument $\theta$. It is given that the complex numbers $w_2$ and $w_3$ satisfy the equations $w_2=-w_1$ and $w_3=iw_2$.</p>
<p>Let&nbsp;$B$, $C$ and $D$ represent the complex numbers $w_2$, $w_3$ and $w_2+w_3$ respectively.</p>
<div class="graph-block" data-graph-config="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" data-width="300" data-height="260" style="width:300px;height:260px;max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto;"></div>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-0" data-list-item-path="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-0"><div class="list-item-paragraph">On the copy of the Argand diagram in the Printed Answer Book, plot the points $B$, $C$ and $D$, indicating clearly the modulus and argument of $w_2$ and $w_3$.<span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-1" data-list-item-path="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-1"><div class="list-item-paragraph">State, in radians, the angle $BOC$.<span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-2" data-list-item-path="h2-2025-ri-promo-q3-ri-q3-item-block-3-item-2"><div class="list-item-paragraph">By considering the quadrilateral $OBDC$, find $\left|w_2+w_3\right|$ in terms of $r$ and $\arg(w_2+w_3)$ in terms of $\theta$.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol>

The point $A$ on the Argand diagram below represents the complex number $w_1$ with modulus $r$ and argument $\theta$. It is given that the complex numbers $w_2$ and $w_3$ satisfy the equations $w_2=-w_1$ and $w_3=iw_2$.

Let $B$, $C$ and $D$ represent the complex numbers $w_2$, $w_3$ and $w_2+w_3$ respectively.

On the copy of the Argand diagram in the Printed Answer Book, plot the points $B$, $C$ and $D$, indicating clearly the modulus and argument of $w_2$ and $w_3$.

By considering the quadrilateral $OBDC$, find $\left|w_2+w_3\right|$ in terms of $r$ and $\arg(w_2+w_3)$ in terms of $\theta$.

2025 RI Promo Q3

<p class="paragraph-header">Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-a" data-list-item-path="item-a"><div class="list-item-paragraph">One of the roots of the equation $\omega^4 - 2\omega^3 + 10\omega^2 + p\omega + q = 0$, where&nbsp;$p$ and $q$ are real, is $2 + 3\mathrm{i}$. Find the values of $p$ and $q$ and the other roots of the equation.<span class="inline-marks">[6]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b" data-list-item-path="item-b"><div class="list-item-paragraph">The complex numbers $u$ and $v$ are such that&nbsp;$u = -\sqrt{2} + \mathrm{i}\sqrt{2}$, and $\left| v \right| = 3$ and $\arg v = \theta$, where&nbsp;$0 &lt; \theta &lt; \frac{\pi}{4}$. The points $A$, $B$ and $C$ represents $u$, $v$ and $u + v$ respectively on an Argand diagram.</div><ol class="i-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-b-i" data-list-item-path="item-b/item-b-i"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find the modulus and argument of $u$.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b-ii" data-list-item-path="item-b/item-b-ii"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Sketch the points $A$, $B$ and $C$ on an Argand diagram.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b-iii" data-list-item-path="item-b/item-b-iii"><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>By finding the angle $OAC$ in terms of $\theta$ or otherwise, show that&nbsp;$\left| u + v \right|^2 = a + b\cos(\theta + K)$, where&nbsp;$a$, $b$ and $K$ are constants to be determined.</p><span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li></ol></li></ol>

Do not use a calculator in answering this question.

Equating Real and Imaginary Parts

2025 ACJC P1 Q10

<p>The complex number $z$ is such that&nbsp;$\left| z \right|=1$ and $\arg z=\theta $, where&nbsp;$0&lt;\theta &lt;\frac{\pi }{4}$.</p>
<ol class="i-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-1770890845752-ne9g4idph" data-list-item-path="item-1770890845752-ne9g4idph"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Mark a possible point $A$ on an Argand diagram. Hence, mark the points $B$ and $C$ representing ${{z}^{2}}$ and $z+{{z}^{2}}$ respectively on the same Argand diagram corresponding to point $A$.<span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-1770890856681-hvgbvm0mx" data-list-item-path="item-1770890856681-hvgbvm0mx"><div class="list-item-paragraph">State the geometrical shape of $OACB$.	<span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div></li></ol>

The complex number $z$ is such that $\left| z \right|=1$ and $\arg z=\theta $, where $0<\theta <\frac{\pi }{4}$.

2017 IJC P2 Q1

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>It is given that&nbsp;$z = \sqrt{3} - \mathrm{i}$ and $w = 2\mathrm{i}z$.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Find the modulus and argument of $z$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Deduce the modulus and argument of $w$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol>
<p>$O$, $A$, $B$ and $C$ represent the complex numbers $0$, $z$, $z + w$ and $w$ respectively.</p>
<ol class="abc-list" start="3"><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Illustrate these four points on a single diagram.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Identify the shape of the quadrilateral $OABC$ and state its area.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol>

**Do not use a calculator in answering this question.**

It is given that $z = \sqrt{3} - \mathrm{i}$ and $w = 2\mathrm{i}z$.

Deduce the modulus and argument of $w$.

$O$, $A$, $B$ and $C$ represent the complex numbers $0$, $z$, $z + w$ and $w$ respectively.

Illustrate these four points on a single diagram.

Identify the shape of the quadrilateral $OABC$ and state its area.

Modulus, Argument, and Operations on Complex Numbers

2025 YIJC P2 Q2

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<div class="graph-block" data-graph-config="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" data-width="300" data-height="300" style="width:300px;height:300px;max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto;"></div>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-a-4" data-list-item-path="item-a-4"><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">The point $P$ on the Argand diagram represents the complex number $w$ given by $w = u + \mathrm{i}v$, where&nbsp;$u$ and $v$ are real and positive.</span></div><ol class="i-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-a-4-i" data-list-item-path="item-a-4/item-a-4-i"><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Explain algebraically why $\arg(kw) = \arg(w)$ for any real constant $k &gt; 1$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div></li></ol><div class="list-item-after-content"><p>Points $Q$ and $R$ represent the complex numbers $kw$ and $\mathrm{i}kw$, where $k$ is a real constant and $k &gt; 1$.</p></div><div class="list-item-after-content"><ol class="i-list" start="2"><li data-list-item-id="item-1784229731176-fn0de3g18" data-list-item-path="item-1784229731176-fn0de3g18"><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>On the same Argand diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, plot the points $Q$ and $R$. Show clearly the geometrical relationship between the points $P$, $Q$ and $R$.</p><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol></div></li></ol>
<ol class="abc-list" start="2"><li data-list-item-id="item-b-4" data-list-item-path="item-b-4"><div class="list-item-paragraph">In another Argand diagram, the points $A$, $B$ and $C$ represent the complex numbers $z$, $\mathrm{f}(z)$ and $\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{f}(z))$ respectively, where&nbsp;$\mathrm{f}(z) = z^2 - 2z$.</div><ol class="i-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-b-4-i" data-list-item-path="item-b-4/item-b-4-i"><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Show that&nbsp;$\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{f}(z)) - \mathrm{f}(z) = z(z - 2)(z - 3)(z + 1)$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b-4-text" data-list-item-path="item-b-4/item-b-4-text"><div class="list-item-paragraph">It is given that&nbsp;$ABC$ is a right-angled triangle, described in an anticlockwise sense, with a right angle at $B$, and $BC = mBA$, where&nbsp;$m$ is a positive real constant.</div><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>By considering $\frac{\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{f}(z)) - \mathrm{f}(z)}{\mathrm{f}(z) - z}$, or otherwise, show that $(z - 2)(z + 1) = mi$.</p><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b-4-iii" data-list-item-path="item-b-4/item-b-4-iii"><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">In the case where&nbsp;$z = x + 2i$, where&nbsp;$x$ is a positive real number, find $x$ and $m$. Hence obtain the complex number represented by the point $B$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[5]</span></div></li></ol></li></ol>

The point $P$ on the Argand diagram represents the complex number $w$ given by $w = u + \mathrm{i}v$, where $u$ and $v$ are real and positive.

In another Argand diagram, the points $A$, $B$ and $C$ represent the complex numbers $z$, $\mathrm{f}(z)$ and $\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{f}(z))$ respectively, where $\mathrm{f}(z) = z^2 - 2z$.

2025 RI P1 Q8

<p>The points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ representing the complex numbers $p$, $q$ and $r$ on an Argand diagram are such that $\arg(p) = \alpha$ and $\arg(q) = \beta$, where $0 &lt; \alpha &lt; \beta &lt; \frac{\pi}{2}$, $\beta &gt; 2\alpha$ and $r = p + q$.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-a-3" data-list-item-path="item-a-3"><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">If&nbsp;$|p|=|q|$, describe the shape of the quadrilateral of $OPRQ$. Hence find $\arg(r)$ in terms of $\alpha$ and $\beta$.</span><span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-b-3" data-list-item-path="item-b-3"><div class="list-item-paragraph">The point $Q'$, representing the complex number $q'$, is the reflection of the point $Q$ in $OP$. State the angle $\angle POQ'$.<span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>By leaving your answers in terms of $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $|q|$ where applicable, hence, or otherwise,</p></div><ol class="i-list"><li data-list-item-id="subitem-1784366782521-th33o3h40" data-list-item-path="item-b-3/subitem-1784366782521-th33o3h40"><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>find the argument of the complex number $q'$,</p><span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div></li><li data-list-item-id="subitem-1784366783180-17jnovd1r" data-list-item-path="item-b-3/subitem-1784366783180-17jnovd1r"><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>find the real and imaginary parts of $q'$ and write down $q'$ in $a+ib$ form.</p><span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li></ol></li></ol>

The points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ representing the complex numbers $p$, $q$ and $r$ on an Argand diagram are such that $\arg(p) = \alpha$ and $\arg(q) = \beta$, where $0 < \alpha < \beta < \frac{\pi}{2}$, $\beta > 2\alpha$ and $r = p + q$.

If $|p|=|q|$, describe the shape of the quadrilateral of $OPRQ$. Hence find $\arg(r)$ in terms of $\alpha$ and $\beta$.

2025 NYJC P1 Q6

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>The complex number $w$ is such that&nbsp;$w=\mathrm{i}-\sqrt{3}$.</p>
<ol class="i-list"><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Find $|w|$ and $\mathrm{arg}(w)$ in exact form.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Represent $w$, $-w$ and $2-w$ in the same Argand diagram, illustrating clearly the geometrical relationship between them.</span><span class="inline-marks">[3]</span></div></li><li><div class="list-item-content"><span class="list-item-text">Hence, find $\mathrm{arg}(2-w)$ exactly.</span><span class="inline-marks">[2]</span></div></li></ol>

The complex number $w$ is such that $w=\mathrm{i}-\sqrt{3}$.

Find $|w|$ and $\mathrm{arg}(w)$ in exact form.

Represent $w$, $-w$ and $2-w$ in the same Argand diagram, illustrating clearly the geometrical relationship between them.

Hence, find $\mathrm{arg}(2-w)$ exactly.

2025 NJC P2 Q1

<p>It is given that $-2+2i$ is a root of the equation</p>
<p style="text-align: center">${{z}^{3}}+a{{z}^{2}}+bz-16\sqrt{2}=0$,</p>
<p>where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find the values of $a$ and $b$ and the other two roots. Leave your answers in the exact form.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[5]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">In an Argand diagram with origin $O$, the three roots are represented by points $A$, $B$ and $C$ where $A$ represents $-2+2i$ and $C$ represents the real root. Label these points on an Argand diagram, indicating clearly the modulus and argument of each root.</div><div class="list-item-paragraph">State also a geometrical relationship between $A$ and $B$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Hence, prove that</div><div class="list-item-paragraph" style="text-align: center">$\tan \frac{3\pi }{8}=1+\sqrt{2}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li></ol>

It is given that $-2+2i$ is a root of the equation

2025 TMJC P1 Q9

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>The point $P$ represents the complex number $z=-2+b\,\mathbf{i}$, where $b>0$. The line $OP$ makes an angle of ${{45}^{{}^\circ }}$ with the horizontal.</p>
<ol class="i-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">State the value of $b$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[1]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Hence find the modulus and argument of $\frac{1}{z}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[2]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Show on an Argand diagram the points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ representing the complex numbers $z$, $\frac{1}{z}$ and $z+\frac{1}{z}$ respectively. Indicate on your diagram the value of $\angle PRQ$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li></ol>

The point $P$ represents the complex number $z=-2+b\,\mathbf{i}$, where $b>0$. The line $OP$ makes an angle of ${{45}^{{}^\circ }}$ with the horizontal.

2021 ASRJC JC2 MYA P1 Q3

<ol class="abc-list"><li data-list-item-id="item-1760958379712-j660wkjfj" data-list-item-path="item-1760958379712-j660wkjfj"><div class="list-item-paragraph">Given that imaginary unit $\mathbf{i}$ is one of the roots of the equation ${{z}^{3}}-2{{z}^{2}}+az+1+3\mathbf{i}=0$, find the complex number ${a}$ and the other roots.</div></li><li data-list-item-id="item-1760958380522-umltyb9vc" data-list-item-path="item-1760958380522-umltyb9vc"><div class="list-item-paragraph"><p>The root that has the largest modulus in <strong>(a)</strong> is denoted as&nbsp;${w}$ and represented by the point ${A}$. The points ${B, C}$ and ${D}$ represent the complex numbers ${{w}^{*}}$, $\mathbf{i}w$ and ${{\mathbf{i}}^{2}}w$ respectively. On the same diagram, plot the points ${A, B, C}$ and ${D}$ and state each transformation that maps the point ${A}$ onto the point ${B, C}$ and ${D}$ respectively and state the angle ${OAC}$.</p></div></li></ol>

Finding Roots of Equations with Complex Coefficients

2014 HCI P1 Q3 [Modified]

<ol class="abc-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">The complex numbers $z$ and $w$ satisfy the following equations.</div><div class="list-item-paragraph" style="text-align: center">$2z+\left| w \right|=2-4i$</div><div class="list-item-paragraph" style="text-align: center">$iz-w=2i$</div><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find $z$ and $w$, giving your answers in the form $a+ib$, where&nbsp;$a$ and $b$ are real numbers.<span class="inline-marks">[5]</span></div></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">It is given that&nbsp;${{z}_{1}}=2-i$ and ${{z}_{3}}=-3+2i$. On an Argand diagram, mark the points $A$ and $C$ representing ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{3}}$ respectively.<span class="inline-marks">[1]</span></div><div class="list-item-paragraph">The points $B$ and $D$ on the Argand diagram represent complex numbers ${{z}_{2}}$ and ${{z}_{4}}$ respectively. Given that&nbsp;$ABCD$ is a square, labelled in an anti-clockwise direction, find ${{z}_{2}}$ and ${{z}_{4}}$.<span class="inline-marks">[4]</span></div></li></ol>

Solving Simultaneous Complex Equations

2025 TJC P1 Q8

<p>The complex numbers ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$ are given by $\sqrt{3}+\mathbf{i}$ and $-1+\sqrt{3}\mathbf{i}$ respectively.</p>
<ol class="i-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find the modulus and argument of ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">In an Argand diagram with origin $O$, the complex numbers ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$ are represented by the points $P$ and $Q$ respectively. With the aid of an Argand diagram, show that $\angle POQ=\frac{\pi }{2}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[2]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Find ${{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}$ in the form $a+b\,\mathbf{i}$, where $a$,$b\in \mathbb{R}$. The complex number ${{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}$ is represented by the point $R$ in the Argand diagram. Hence use the Argand diagram to find the exact argument of ${{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}$ and show that $\tan \left( \frac{5\pi }{12} \right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{3}-1}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li></ol>

The complex numbers ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$ are given by $\sqrt{3}+\mathbf{i}$ and $-1+\sqrt{3}\mathbf{i}$ respectively.

Arithmetic with Complex Numbers in Cartesian Form

2019 TMJC BT Q4

<p>In an Argand diagram, the points $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ represent the complex numbers $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ respectively.</p>
<p>Given that&nbsp;$ABCD$ is a square described in an anticlockwise sense, with $a=-4+6\mathbf{i}$ and $c=12-8\mathbf{i}$, find $b$ and $d$.</p>

In an Argand diagram, the points $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ represent the complex numbers $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ respectively.

Given that $ABCD$ is a square described in an anticlockwise sense, with $a=-4+6\mathbf{i}$ and $c=12-8\mathbf{i}$, find $b$ and $d$.

Geometrical effects of conjugation, negation, addition, subtraction, and multiplication by i Q2

<p>The points $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ represent the complex numbers $-3-\mathbf{i}$, ${{z}_{1}}$, $7+5\mathbf{i}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$ respectively.</p>
<p>Given that&nbsp;$ABCD$ is a square, labelled in an anti-clockwise direction. Find ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$.</p>

The points $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ represent the complex numbers $-3-\mathbf{i}$, ${{z}_{1}}$, $7+5\mathbf{i}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$ respectively.

Given that $ABCD$ is a square, labelled in an anti-clockwise direction. Find ${{z}_{1}}$ and ${{z}_{2}}$.

Geometrical effects of conjugation, negation, addition, subtraction, and multiplication by $\mathbf{i}$

<p>In an Argand diagram, the points $A$ and $B$ represent the complex numbers $6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\alpha }}$ and $6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\beta }}$ respectively, where $0<\alpha <\frac{\pi }{2}$ and $\frac{\pi }{2}<\beta <\pi $.</p>
<ol class="abc-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Mark the points $A$ and $B$ on an Argand diagram. You are expected to clearly label the relevant moduli and arguments of the complex numbers represented by the points $A$ and $B$, in terms of $\alpha $ and $\beta $.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[2]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Show that $\left| 6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\alpha }}-6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\beta }} \right|=p\sin \left( \frac{\beta -\alpha }{q} \right)$, where the integers $p$ and $q$ are to be determined. Hence write down, in terms of $\alpha $ and $\beta $, the perimeter of the triangle $OAB$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[4]</p></li></ol>

In an Argand diagram, the points $A$ and $B$ represent the complex numbers $6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\alpha }}$ and $6{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathbf{i}\,\beta }}$ respectively, where $0<\alpha <\frac{\pi }{2}$ and $\frac{\pi }{2}<\beta <\pi $.

Properties of Trigonometric and Exponential Forms

2024 CJC P1 Q3

<p><strong>Do not use a calculator in answering this question.</strong></p>
<p>The complex numbers $z$ and $w$ are given by $z=\frac{{{\left( 1+\mathbf{i} \right)}^{4}}}{{{\left( 1-\mathbf{i} \right)}^{2}}}$ and $w=\frac{8}{{{\left( \sqrt{3}+\mathbf{i} \right)}^{2}}}$.</p>
<ol class="i-list"><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Express $z$ and $w$ in polar form $r\left( \cos \theta +\mathbf{i}\sin \theta \right)$, where $r>0$ and $-\pi <\theta \le \pi $. Give $r$ and $\theta $ in exact form.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[4]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Given that ${{z}^{2}}$, $w$ and ${{w}^{*}}$ are the roots of the equation ${{x}^{3}}+b{{x}^{2}}+cx+d=0$ where $b$, $c$ and $d$ are real values, find the equation.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">Sketch on an Argand diagram with origin $O$, the points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ representing the complex numbers $z$, $w$ and $z+w$ respectively.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[2]</p></li><li><div class="list-item-paragraph">By considering the quadrilateral $OPRQ$ and the argument of $z+w$, deduce that</div><div class="list-item-paragraph" style="text-align: center">$\tan \frac{5\pi }{12}=2+\sqrt{3}$.</div><p style="text-align: right;">[3]</p></li></ol>

The complex numbers $z$ and $w$ are given by $z=\frac{{{\left( 1+\mathbf{i} \right)}^{4}}}{{{\left( 1-\mathbf{i} \right)}^{2}}}$ and $w=\frac{8}{{{\left( \sqrt{3}+\mathbf{i} \right)}^{2}}}$.

Math Question Bank