Techniques of Integration - Integration by Substitution

Techniques of Integration - Integration by Substitution

Step 1: Differentiate the given substitution, i.e. \(u=\mathrm{f}(x)\).
Step 2: Substitute the given integral in terms of \(u\) and \(\mathrm{d}u\).
Step 3: After integration, substitute back \(x\) in.

\(\displaystyle\displaystyle \displaystyle\int{\frac{\sqrt{16-{{x}^{2}}}}{{{x}^{2}}}}\mathrm{ d}x,\) let \(x=4\sin \theta\)

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Answer:\(-\frac{\sqrt{16-x^2}}{x}-\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{4}\right)+C\)

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