Rate of change of the surface radius of water leaking from a hemispherical bowl

Rate of change of the surface radius of water leaking from a hemispherical bowl

IB Year 6 | Grade 12
7 marks

A bowl is a hemisphere of internal radius \(13\text{ cm}\), with its rim horizontal. It contains water to a depth of \(h\text{ cm}\), and the circular water surface has radius \(r\text{ cm}\). The diagram shows a vertical cross-section through the centre \(O\) of the rim.

  1. Show that \(r=\sqrt{26h-h^2}\).[2]
  2. Water escapes through a small hole, so that the volume of water falls steadily by \(12\text{ cm}^3\) every minute.
    When the depth is \(h\text{ cm}\), the volume of water in the bowl is \(V=\frac{\pi}{3}(39h^2-h^3)\text{ cm}^3\).
    Find the rate at which \(r\) is changing at the instant when \(h=8\).[5]

Solution:

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Answer:(a) \(r=\sqrt{26h-h^2}\) (shown) (b) \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}r}{\mathrm{d}t}=-\dfrac{5}{144\pi}\approx-0.0111\text{ cm min}^{-1}\)

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