Two counters of the same colour

Two counters of the same colour

IP 4
9 marks

A bag contains \(n\) red counters and \(3\) blue counters, where \(n\) is a positive integer. Two counters are taken from the bag at random, without replacement.

  1. Show that the probability that the two counters are the same colour is \(\dfrac{n^2-n+6}{(n+2)(n+3)}\).[3]
  2. Find the values of \(n\) for which the two counters are equally likely to be the same colour or different colours.[3]
  3. Show that the probability that the two counters are different colours can be written as \(\dfrac{6}{n+5+\dfrac{6}{n}}\). Hence show that this probability is never greater than \(\dfrac{3}{5}\), and state the values of \(n\) for which it equals \(\dfrac{3}{5}\).[3]

Solution:

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Answer:(a) shown (b) \(n=1\) or \(n=6\) (c) \(\mathrm{P}(\text{different})\le\dfrac{3}{5}\), with equality when \(n=2\) or \(n=3\)

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