Principal Values

Principal Values

Inverse trigonometric functions return the following principal values.

Inverse functionDegreesRadians
\(\cos^{-1}x\), \(-1\le x\le1\)\(0^\circ\le\theta\le180^\circ\)\(0\le\theta\le\pi\)
\(\sin^{-1}x\), \(-1\le x\le1\)\(-90^\circ\le\theta\le90^\circ\)\(-\pi/2\le\theta\le\pi/2\)
\(\tan^{-1}x\), \(x\in\mathbb R\)\(-90^\circ<\theta<90^\circ\)\(-\pi/2<\theta<\pi/2\)

A principal value is one angle; an equation may have further solutions in its stated interval.

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