Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem

Secondary 3

For a positive integer \(n\):

\((a+b)^n=\sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom nr a^{n-r}b^r\)

There are \(n+1\) terms. Powers of \(a\) decrease as powers of \(b\) increase; their sum is \(n\).

Binomial coefficients

\(\binom nr=\dfrac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}\qquad r=0,1,\ldots,n\)

\(0!=1\qquad\binom n0=\binom nn=1\qquad\binom n1=n\qquad\binom nr=\binom n{n-r}\)

CoefficientEvaluation
\(\binom{10}{2}\)\(\dfrac{10\times9}{2!}=45\)
\(\binom73\)\(\dfrac{7\times6\times5}{3!}=35\)

Use the calculator \(n\mathrm Cr\) function for larger coefficients.

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Answer:\((a+b)^n=\sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom nr a^{n-r}b^r\), where \(\binom nr=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}\) and \(T_{r+1}=\binom nr a^{n-r}b^r\)

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