Power law for orbital periods

Power law for orbital periods

IP 3
7 marks

For objects orbiting the same star, the period \(T\) years and the mean distance \(r\) (in astronomical units) are believed to satisfy \(T=cr^n\), where \(c\) and \(n\) are constants. Two objects have \((r,T)=(1,1)\) and \((4,8)\).

  1. Explain why plotting \(\lg T\) against \(\lg r\) is better than plotting \(T\) against \(r\) when testing this law.[2]
  2. Find \(c\) and the exact value of \(n\), and predict \(T\) for an object with \(r=9\).[3]
  3. An object is reported with \(r=2\) and \(T=2.5\). Decide, with a calculation, whether this report fits the model.[2]

Solution:

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Answer:(b) \(c=1,\ n=\dfrac{3}{2}\); \(T=27\) (c) model gives \(2\sqrt{2}\approx 2.83\), so \(2.5\) does not fit

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