Functions and Graphs - Estimating Gradients from Tangents

Functions and Graphs - Estimating Gradients from Tangents

Secondary 3

The variables \(x\) and \(y\) are connected by the equation \(y = 5x - 3 + \frac{1}{2x}\).

The table below shows some values of \(x\) and the corresponding values of \(y\) correct to \(2\) decimal places.

\(x\)\(0.05\)\(0.1\)\(0.2\)\(0.3\)\(0.4\)\(0.5\)\(0.6\)\(0.7\)
\(y\)\(7.25\)\(2.50\)\(0.50\)\(0.17\)\(0.25\)\(a\)\(0.83\)\(1.21\)
  1. Calculate the value of \(a\).
  2. Using a scale of \(2\) cm to represent \(0.1\) unit, draw a horizontal \(x\)-axis for \(0 < x \le 0.7\).
    Using a scale of \(2\) cm to represent \(1\) unit, draw a vertical \(y\)-axis for \(0 \le y \le 8\).
    On your axes, plot the points given in the table and join them with a smooth curve.
  3. By drawing a tangent, find the gradient of the curve at \((0.2, 0.5)\).
  4. By drawing a suitable line, find the solutions of \(10x^2 - 8x + 1 = 0\) in the range \(0 < x \le 0.7\).
  5. The line \(y = kx\) touches the curve \(y = 5x - 3 + \frac{1}{2x}\) at exactly one point in the range \(0 < x \le 0.7\).
    By drawing a suitable straight line on the same axes, use your graph to find the value of \(k\).

Solution:

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Answer:(a) \(0.5\). (c) About \(-7.5\). (d) \(0.155,0.645\). (e) \(k\approx0.5\).

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