Factorization of Cubic Equations

Factorization of Cubic Equations

Secondary 3

\(a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)\)

\(a^3-b^3=(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)\)

Solving a cubic

Write \(\mathrm{f}(x)=0\). Use a given root, or test candidates with the factor theorem. If the constant term is zero, factor out \(x\).

For integer coefficients, a rational root \(\frac{p}{q}\) in lowest terms has \(p\) dividing the constant and \(q\) dividing the leading coefficient. A cubic need not have a rational root.

If \(\mathrm{f}(k)=0\), divide by \(x-k\), then solve the quadratic factor.

Quadratic factorWorkingRoots of the cubic
Factorises
Does not factorise using integers, \(b^2-4ac>0\)
\(b^2-4ac<0\)

Over the reals, leave a quadratic factor with \(D<0\) unfactorised.

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Answer:\((2x+3)(x+1)(3x+1)\)

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