Euler estimate, a reciprocal-square substitution and the particular solution of a first-order differential equation with its domain and range

Euler estimate, a reciprocal-square substitution and the particular solution of a first-order differential equation with its domain and range

IB Year 6 | Grade 12
18 marks

A curve lies in the first quadrant, so that \(x>0\) and \(y>0\). It passes through the point where \(x=1\) and \(y=2\), and its gradient satisfies the differential equation \(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=y^3-\frac{y}{x}\).

  1. Using Euler’s method with a step length of \(0.01\), estimate the value of \(y\) at \(x=1.05\).[3]
  2. Let \(z\) be defined by \(\frac1{y^2}=-2z\).
    Show that \(z\) satisfies the differential equation \(\frac{\mathrm{d}z}{\mathrm{d}x}-\frac{2z}{x}=1\).[4]
  3. Hence find the particular solution of the original differential equation, expressing \(y\) in terms of \(x\).[7]
  4. State the domain of this particular solution and its range.[3]
  5. With reference to the shape of the solution curve, say whether your estimate in part (a) overestimates or underestimates the true value. Give a reason for your answer.[1]

Video Solution:

Video Solution

Video solution locked

A free account saves your progress; this video needs tuition enrolment.

Solution:

Solution locked

680+ questions here come with free worked solutions. A free account saves your questions and progress; this one needs tuition enrolment.

Create a free account to practise similar questions.

Answer:(a) \(2.39\) (b) \(\frac{\mathrm{d}z}{\mathrm{d}x}-\frac{2z}{x}=1\) (shown) (c) \(y=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x(8-7x)}}\) (d) Domain \(0<x<\frac87\), range \(y\geq\frac{\sqrt7}{2}\) (e) Underestimate; the solution curve is concave upwards.

Need help? Join our JC Math tuition classes.

Learn more