Correlation describes the direction and strength of association. Linear correlation concerns how closely points follow a straight-line pattern. Positive linear association Curvilinear association Negative linear association No observable relation - A positive association tends upward as x increases. - A negative association tends downward as x increases. - A strong non-linear pattern can have weak Pearson linear correlation. - An outlier can substantially change an estimated correlation or regression line.

Correlation describes the direction and strength of association. Linear correlation concerns how closely points follow a straight-line pattern.

A positive association tends upward as \(x\) increases.

A negative association tends downward as \(x\) increases.

A strong non-linear pattern can have weak Pearson linear correlation.

An outlier can substantially change an estimated correlation or regression line.

Correlation Patterns and Outliers

Correlation Patterns and Outliers