Properties of Conjugates

Properties of Conjugates

For complex numbers, conjugation respects addition, multiplication, division and integer powers.

PropertyIdentity
Double conjugate\((z^*)^*=z\)
Real part\(z+z^*=2\operatorname{Re}(z)\)
Imaginary part\(z-z^*=2i\operatorname{Im}(z)\)
Product\(zz^*=x^2+y^2=|z|^2\)
Sum/difference\((z_1\pm z_2)^*=z_1^*\pm z_2^*\)
Real scalar\((kz)^*=kz^*\), \(k\in\mathbb R\)
Product of numbers\((z_1z_2)^*=z_1^*\,z_2^*\)
Quotient\(\displaystyle\left(\frac{z_1}{z_2}\right)^*=\frac{z_1^*}{z_2^*}\), \(z_2\ne0\)
Power\((z^n)^*=(z^*)^n\)

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Answer:(a) \((z^*)^*=z\) (b) \(z+z^*=2\operatorname{Re}(z)\) (c) \(z-z^*=2\operatorname{Im}(z)\mathbf i\) (d) \(zz^*=|z|^2=x^2+y^2\) (e) \((z_1\pm z_2)^*=z_1^*\pm z_2^*\) (f) \((kz)^*=kz^*\) (g) \((z_1z_2)^*=z_1^*z_2^*\) (h) \(\left(\dfrac{z_1}{z_2}\right)^*=\dfrac{z_1^*}{z_2^*}\), \(z_2\ne0\)

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