Centre, radius and volume of a sphere from the ends of a diameter, and minimising the surface area of a cuboid box

Centre, radius and volume of a sphere from the ends of a diameter, and minimising the surface area of a cuboid box

15 marks

In this question, all lengths are measured in metres.

The points \(P(-1,4,7)\) and \(Q(5,-2,3)\) are the ends of a diameter \([PQ]\) of a sphere.

  1. Find
    1. the centre of the sphere, giving its coordinates;
    2. the length of its radius.[4]
  2. Calculate its volume.[2]

A closed storage box is a cuboid with base length \(3x\), base width \(x\) and height \(y\). The volume of the box is \(72\text{ m}^3\) and its total surface area is \(A\text{ m}^2\).

    1. Write down an equation connecting \(x\) and \(y\) for the volume of the box.
    2. Show that \(A=6x^2+\dfrac{192}{x}\).[4]

The value of \(A\) is least when \(x=k\).

    1. Find the least value of \(A\).
    2. Find \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}x^2}\) when \(x=k\).
    3. Justify, using the result of part (d)(ii), that \(A\) is least when \(x=k\).[5]

Solution:

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Answer:(a)(i) \((2,1,5)\) (a)(ii) \(\sqrt{22}\approx4.69\text{ m}\) (b) \(432\text{ m}^3\) (c)(i) \(3x^2y=72\) (d)(i) \(114\text{ m}^2\) (d)(ii) \(36\) (d)(iii) \(\dfrac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}x^2}>0\) at \(x=k\), so \(A\) is a minimum

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