2023 JPJC P2 Q1

2023 JPJC P2 Q1

6 marks
Prelims

It is given that \(\mathrm{f}\left( x \right)=\ln \left( 1+{{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}} \right)\).

  1. Using standard series from the List of Formulae (MF26) or otherwise, show that the first three non- zero terms in the Maclaurin series for \(\mathrm{f}\left( x \right)\) is \(\ln a+bx+c{{x}^{2}}\), where \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\) are constants to be determined.[4]
  2. Hence find an expansion for \(\frac{1}{1+{{\mathrm{e}}^{x}}}\), up to and including the term in \(x\).[2]

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Answer:(i) \(a = 2\), \(b = -\frac{1}{2}\), \(c = \frac{1}{8}\); (ii) \(\frac{1}{1+e^x} \approx \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4}x\)

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